公路交通是社會發(fā)展和國防安全的重要保障。截至2023年末，我國公路總里程已達到544萬公里。隨著我國公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)日漸完善，未來公路建設(shè)強度將逐步下降，養(yǎng)護需求將快速上升。

　　Highway transportation is an important guarantee for social development and national defense security. As of the end of 2023, the total length of highways in China has reached 5.44 million kilometers. With the gradual improvement of China's highway network construction, the intensity of highway construction will gradually decrease in the future, and the demand for maintenance will rapidly increase.

　　新時代公路養(yǎng)護技術(shù)與裝備的發(fā)展需求

　　The development needs of highway maintenance technology and equipment in the new era

　　根據(jù)交通運輸部數(shù)據(jù)，我國公路養(yǎng)護里程逐年增長，養(yǎng)護比例高達99.9%。

　　According to data from the Ministry of Transport, the maintenance mileage of highways in China has been increasing year by year, with a maintenance ratio of up to 99.9%.

　　養(yǎng)護工程需求

　　Maintenance engineering requirements

　　我國公路已進入全面養(yǎng)護時代，需要綜合維護路面、橋梁、隧道等各類設(shè)施，公路養(yǎng)護財政支出每年約為1.2萬億元。隨著公路養(yǎng)護市場需求的持續(xù)增長，各類養(yǎng)護工程對公路養(yǎng)護裝備的需求也將隨之增長。

　　China's highways have entered the era of comprehensive maintenance, requiring comprehensive maintenance of various facilities such as road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, etc. The annual fiscal expenditure on highway maintenance is about 1.2 trillion yuan. With the continuous growth of demand in the highway maintenance market, the demand for highway maintenance equipment in various maintenance projects will also increase accordingly.

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　　▲我國公路基本組成分布圖

　　▲ Distribution Map of Basic Components of Highways in China

　　國家生態(tài)環(huán)境保護戰(zhàn)略需求

　　National ecological environment protection strategy needs

　　公路大中修產(chǎn)生的廢舊瀝青混合料已造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。隨著全面養(yǎng)護時代的到來，以及全球日漸加劇的環(huán)境保護壓力，如何合理處置這些廢舊建筑材料成為亟待解決的重要課題。國家從戰(zhàn)略層面提出綠色發(fā)展要求，行業(yè)推出加快加大廢舊材料循環(huán)利用的政策措施，推動相關(guān)技術(shù)與裝備發(fā)展。

　　The waste asphalt mixture generated during the major and medium repairs of highways has caused serious environmental pollution. With the advent of the era of comprehensive maintenance and the increasing global pressure on environmental protection, how to properly dispose of these waste building materials has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The country has put forward green development requirements at the strategic level, and the industry has introduced policies and measures to accelerate and increase the recycling of waste materials, promoting the development of related technologies and equipment.

　　目前，國內(nèi)外普遍采用再生技術(shù)實現(xiàn)廢舊公路材料的循環(huán)利用，雖然已經(jīng)取得很大成效，但是還有較大發(fā)展空間，現(xiàn)有再生裝備也亟需升級換代?？焖侔l(fā)展的養(yǎng)護需求，將使由運輸車輛底盤改裝而來的養(yǎng)護機械裝備大量增加，其運行排放對環(huán)境的影響也不容忽視。隨著國家逐步實現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)，新能源技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生。采用新能源電池、氫能源驅(qū)動，已成為發(fā)展趨勢。

　　At present, recycling technology is widely used both domestically and internationally to achieve the recycling of waste road materials. Although significant progress has been made, there is still considerable room for development, and existing recycling equipment urgently needs to be upgraded and replaced. The rapidly developing maintenance demand will lead to a significant increase in maintenance machinery and equipment modified from transport vehicle chassis, and the impact of their operational emissions on the environment cannot be ignored. As the country gradually achieves its "dual carbon" goals, new energy technologies have emerged. The adoption of new energy batteries and hydrogen energy drive has become a development trend.

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　　▲復(fù)合有機水硬性材料半柔性路面攤鋪機

　　▲ Composite organic hydraulic material semi flexible pavement paver

　　構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代公路養(yǎng)護體系需求

　　The demand for building a modern highway maintenance system

　　加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代公路養(yǎng)護體系，推行養(yǎng)護決策科學(xué)化、養(yǎng)護管理制度化、養(yǎng)護工程精準(zhǔn)化、養(yǎng)護生產(chǎn)綠色化，是公路養(yǎng)護事業(yè)的發(fā)展方向，也是公路交通轉(zhuǎn)型升級、服務(wù)交通強國的必由之路。

　　Accelerating the construction of a modern highway maintenance system, promoting scientific maintenance decision-making, institutionalized maintenance management, precise maintenance engineering, and green maintenance production is the development direction of the highway maintenance industry, as well as the necessary path for the transformation and upgrading of highway transportation and the service of a strong transportation country.

　　現(xiàn)代公路養(yǎng)護體系要求養(yǎng)護技術(shù)綠色化，養(yǎng)護裝備智能化、系列化、多功能和配套集成化，養(yǎng)護施工節(jié)能環(huán)?！，F(xiàn)有技術(shù)與裝備很多還屬于傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計理念范疇的產(chǎn)物，與現(xiàn)代公路養(yǎng)護體系的要求尚有較大差距。

　　The modern highway maintenance system requires green maintenance technology, intelligent, serialized, multifunctional and integrated maintenance equipment, and energy-saving and environmentally friendly maintenance construction. Many existing technologies and equipment are still products of traditional design concepts, and there is still a significant gap between them and the requirements of modern highway maintenance systems.

　　因此，公路養(yǎng)護技術(shù)與裝備的更新?lián)Q代已成為構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代公路養(yǎng)護體系的重要內(nèi)容，也是深化國家交通強國戰(zhàn)略的迫切需求。其在加快建設(shè)交通強國、推動交通運輸行業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展及服務(wù)構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局等方面，具有促進投資和消費的積極作用。

　　Therefore, the upgrading of highway maintenance technology and equipment has become an important part of building a modern highway maintenance system and an urgent need to deepen the national strategy of building a strong transportation country. It plays a positive role in promoting investment and consumption in accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country, promoting high-quality development of the transportation industry, and building a new development pattern for services.

　　公路養(yǎng)護裝備的主要類型

　　The main types of highway maintenance equipment

　　公路養(yǎng)護裝備根據(jù)公路交通行業(yè)特點可以分為非道路移動機械裝備、車輛底盤改裝裝備（道路行駛機械）及道路應(yīng)急裝備，主要應(yīng)用于道路的日常養(yǎng)護、預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護與路面重建等。根據(jù)使用特點可以分為移動式作業(yè)裝備、固定作業(yè)裝備和便攜工器具（小型）三大類。

　　Highway maintenance equipment can be divided into non road mobile machinery equipment, vehicle chassis modification equipment (road driving machinery), and road emergency equipment according to the characteristics of the highway transportation industry. It is mainly used for daily maintenance, preventive maintenance, and road surface reconstruction of roads. According to their usage characteristics, they can be divided into three categories: mobile work equipment, fixed work equipment, and portable tools (small).

　　非道路移動機械裝備

　　Non road mobile machinery and equipment

　　銑刨機 銑刨機主要用于去除受損或老化的路面材料，為鋪設(shè)新的路面準(zhǔn)備良好的基礎(chǔ)，也用于路面拉毛，增強路面抗滑性。在高速公路、國省干線公路等老化瀝青路面的銑刨修復(fù)中使用頻次較高。隨著公路網(wǎng)的不斷擴展和路面老化，銑刨機在路面養(yǎng)護工程中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。

　　Milling machine is mainly used to remove damaged or aged pavement materials, prepare a good foundation for laying new pavement, and also used for road surface roughening to enhance the skid resistance of the pavement. It is frequently used in milling and repairing aging asphalt pavements on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, etc. With the continuous expansion of the highway network and the aging of the road surface, the application of milling machines in road maintenance engineering is becoming increasingly widespread.

　　路面再生裝備 瀝青路面再生技術(shù)與裝備是《國家和公路水路交通中長期科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃（2006—2020）》的重點內(nèi)容，再生瀝青混合料再生技術(shù)分為5種，分別是廠拌熱再生、廠拌冷再生、就地?zé)嵩偕?、就地冷再生和全深式冷再生?/p>

　　Asphalt pavement regeneration technology and equipment are key contents of the "National and Long term Science and Technology Development Plan for Highway and Waterway Transportation (2006-2020)". There are five types of asphalt mixture regeneration technologies, namely factory mixed hot regeneration, factory mixed cold regeneration, on-site hot regeneration, on-site cold regeneration, and full depth cold regeneration.

　　路面再生裝備分為廠拌再生裝備和就地再生裝備。廠拌再生技術(shù)與裝備已比較成熟，就地再生技術(shù)與裝備仍有較大更新空間。

　　Road recycling equipment is divided into factory mixed recycling equipment and on-site recycling equipment. The factory mixed recycling technology and equipment are relatively mature, and there is still a lot of room for updating the on-site recycling technology and equipment.

　　就地冷再生機將舊路面材料銑刨并摻配新材料完成再生利用，可減少新材料的使用。路面再生機能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)瀝青路面材料的就地再利用，符合我國推行的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟和綠色發(fā)展理念。

　　The on-site cold recycling machine grinds and mixes old pavement materials with new materials to achieve recycling, which can reduce the use of new materials. The road surface recycling machine can achieve on-site reuse of asphalt pavement materials, which is in line with China's promotion of circular economy and green development concepts.

　　就地?zé)嵩偕b備包含紅外加熱裝備、熱風(fēng)加熱裝備、微波加熱裝備和攤鋪機等。就地?zé)嵩偕夹g(shù)由于可100%利用瀝青路面舊料、對交通干擾小等優(yōu)點廣泛應(yīng)用于瀝青路面養(yǎng)護工程中。我國熱風(fēng)微波復(fù)合加熱就地?zé)嵩偕商准夹g(shù)與裝備處于國際領(lǐng)先水平，基于“5G＋北斗系統(tǒng)”的熱再生機群無人駕駛技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了全球首例高速公路半封閉場景下的無人化施工技術(shù)及示范應(yīng)用。

　　Local thermal regeneration equipment includes infrared heating equipment, hot air heating equipment, microwave heating equipment, and pavers. The in-situ thermal regeneration technology is widely used in asphalt pavement maintenance projects due to its advantages of 100% utilization of old asphalt pavement materials and minimal traffic interference. The complete set of technology and equipment for hot air microwave composite heating and in-situ thermal regeneration in China is at the international leading level. Based on the unmanned driving technology of the "5G+Beidou system" thermal regeneration fleet, it has achieved the world's first unmanned construction technology and demonstration application in a semi enclosed highway scenario.

　　攤鋪機 攤鋪機可分為熱瀝青攤鋪機和冷拌冷鋪攤鋪機。

　　Pavers can be divided into hot asphalt pavers and cold mix and cold spread pavers.

　　熱瀝青攤鋪機是用于鋪筑瀝青混合料和其他級配材料的專用機械，將拌制好的瀝青混合料（瀝青混凝土或黑色粒料）按一定的技術(shù)要求（厚度和橫截面形狀）均勻地攤鋪在已整好的路基或基層上。熱瀝青攤鋪機是一種技術(shù)較為成熟的施工裝備，多用于新建路面施工，也用于瀝青路面熱再生攤鋪。

　　Hot asphalt paver is a specialized machinery used for laying asphalt mixture and other graded materials. It evenly spreads the mixed asphalt mixture (asphalt concrete or black granular material) on the already prepared roadbed or base layer according to certain technical requirements (thickness and cross-sectional shape). Hot asphalt paver is a relatively mature construction equipment, mainly used for new road construction and also for hot recycling paving of asphalt pavement.

　　冷拌冷鋪攤鋪機是常溫狀態(tài)下將乳化瀝青、水泥、集料（或者再生瀝青混合料）和水按一定配比輸送至拌和器，經(jīng)強制拌和形成復(fù)合有機水硬性材料，并將之?dāng)備伋蔀樾碌陌肴嵝月访娴囊环N新型公路養(yǎng)護裝備。主要應(yīng)用于復(fù)合有機水硬性材料半柔性路面攤鋪和路面改性鋪裝（該技術(shù)可以實現(xiàn)再生瀝青混合料100%的循環(huán)利用），是一種環(huán)保低碳的公路養(yǎng)護裝備。

　　Cold mixing and cold paving machine is a new type of highway maintenance equipment that transports emulsified asphalt, cement, aggregate (or recycled asphalt mixture) and water in a certain ratio to a mixer at room temperature, and forms a composite organic hydraulic material through forced mixing, which is then paved into a new semi flexible pavement. It is mainly used for semi flexible pavement paving and pavement modification paving of composite organic hydraulic materials (this technology can achieve 100% recycling of recycled asphalt mixture), and is an environmentally friendly and low-carbon highway maintenance equipment.

　　車輛底盤改裝裝備

　　Vehicle chassis modification equipment

　　路面清掃車 路面清掃車用于清理路面上的灰塵、砂石及其他雜物，可保持道路清潔度，不僅提高了道路行駛的視覺美感，還降低了因路面碎屑、雜物造成車輛打滑或損傷的風(fēng)險。路面清掃車在高速公路、國省干線公路及城區(qū)道路上使用頻次較高。

　　Road sweepers are used to clean dust, sand, gravel, and other debris on the road surface, maintaining road cleanliness. They not only improve the visual aesthetics of road driving, but also reduce the risk of vehicle slippage or damage caused by road debris and debris. Road sweepers are frequently used on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, and urban roads.

　　封層車 目前使用的表面封層技術(shù)有同步碎石封層、霧封層、稀漿封層（微表處）、薄層攤鋪等。其中同步封層技術(shù)應(yīng)用最廣泛，霧封層和稀漿封層次之。同步碎石封層車采用普通載貨汽車底盤搭載專用上裝，實現(xiàn)一層瀝青和一層碎石同步撒布施工。瀝青灑布車是霧封層施工的專用裝備，是一種灑布乳化瀝青、稀釋瀝青、熱瀝青、熱改性瀝青及各種黏合劑的施工裝備。

　　The surface sealing technologies currently used by sealing vehicles include synchronous gravel sealing, mist sealing, slurry sealing (micro surface), and thin layer paving. Among them, synchronous sealing technology is the most widely used, followed by mist sealing and slurry sealing layers. The synchronous gravel sealing vehicle adopts a common cargo truck chassis equipped with a dedicated upper cover, achieving synchronous spreading construction of one layer of asphalt and one layer of gravel. Asphalt distribution truck is a specialized equipment for fog sealing layer construction, which is a construction equipment for spraying emulsified asphalt, diluted asphalt, hot asphalt, heat modified asphalt and various adhesives.

　　稀漿封層（微表處）主要用來處理道路表面裂縫、車轍和摩阻力下降等病害，以提高路面的防水性和抗滑性，改善路面平整度和行車舒適性，從而達到“返老還新”的效果。該封層裝備可廣泛應(yīng)用于普通稀漿封層、改性稀漿封層（微表處）的施工工藝中。

　　The slurry seal layer (micro surface) is mainly used to treat road surface cracks, ruts, and reduced friction, in order to improve the waterproof and anti-skid properties of the road surface, improve road smoothness and driving comfort, and achieve the effect of "returning old and new". This sealing equipment can be widely used in the construction process of ordinary slurry sealing and modified slurry sealing (micro surface).

　　公路應(yīng)急搶險裝備 公路應(yīng)急搶險裝備應(yīng)用較多的主要有高空作業(yè)車和防撞護欄安裝裝備。高空作業(yè)車是保障檢修人員作業(yè)安全的高空工作平臺，是確保交通設(shè)施正常運行，維持交通系統(tǒng)順暢和安全運行的關(guān)鍵裝備。防撞護欄安裝裝備專門用于安裝和維護公路上的防撞護欄，利用該裝備施工可提高作業(yè)效率和安全性。

　　The main applications of highway emergency rescue equipment include high-altitude work vehicles and anti-collision guardrail installation equipment. A high-altitude work platform is a crucial equipment for ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel during their work, ensuring the normal operation of transportation facilities, and maintaining the smooth and safe operation of the transportation system. The anti-collision guardrail installation equipment is specifically designed for installing and maintaining anti-collision guardrails on highways. Using this equipment for construction can improve work efficiency and safety.

　　小型便攜式工具

　　Small portable tools

　　小型便攜式工具類養(yǎng)護機械品種較多，其中標(biāo)線機、裂縫修補機使用較為普遍。標(biāo)線機能夠精準(zhǔn)地完成標(biāo)線施工，在道路上噴涂各種交通標(biāo)線，提高行車安全性。裂縫修補機主要用于填補和密封路面上的裂縫，通過及時修補裂縫，可以防止水和雜質(zhì)滲入路面結(jié)構(gòu)，避免進一步損壞道路。

　　There are many types of small portable tool maintenance machinery, among which marking machines and crack repair machines are commonly used. The marking machine can accurately complete the marking construction, spray various traffic markings on the road, and improve driving safety. The crack repair machine is mainly used to fill and seal cracks on the road surface. By repairing cracks in a timely manner, it can prevent water and impurities from infiltrating the road structure and avoid further damage to the road.

　　公路養(yǎng)護裝備更新的方向、類型和意義

　　The direction, types, and significance of updating highway maintenance equipment

　　我國公路養(yǎng)護裝備更新的方向是向智能化和數(shù)字化發(fā)展，遵照循環(huán)經(jīng)濟和環(huán)保導(dǎo)向，積極實現(xiàn)國產(chǎn)化和自主創(chuàng)新。從目前公路養(yǎng)護裝備的品類來看，非道路移動機械裝備和車輛底盤改裝裝備擁有相對較大的更新空間。

　　The direction of updating highway maintenance equipment in China is towards intelligent and digital development, following the guidance of circular economy and environmental protection, actively achieving localization and independent innovation. From the current category of highway maintenance equipment, non road mobile machinery equipment and vehicle chassis modification equipment have relatively large room for updates.

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